Why Membranes Matter: Ion Exchange Membranes in Holistic Process Optimization of Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction

Reducing carbon dioxide to value-added chemicals by electrolysis is a promising strategy substitute fossil-based processes. Research on CO2 has vastly progressed, focusing catalysis and electrode design, leaving an essential question the central part of electrolyzer: Which type ion exchange membrane best suited for from economic perspective? To address this question, holistic process optimization reduction product purification applied. The findings demonstrate that with anion shows competitive production costs CO 796 €/tCO, outperforming cation bipolar membranes. Unlike often described, pumping effect does not significantly impair economics but offers efficient indirect regeneration dissociated CO2. Furthermore, results emphasize selective rather than co-electrolysis H2O. While pointing positive perspective, life-cycle assessment highlights need minimize emissions related electricity consumption incomplete utilization.